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Building Exhibits: First Nations Gallery: Quest for Fire

When pondering a way to effectively display 12 priceless pairs of beaded and quilled moccasins in the RSM's First Nations Gallery, designers and exhibits staff came up with a unique idea. The display case would simulate the inside of a tipi, with poles and canvas as a backdrop. The moccasins would sit on buffalo hides and Hudson's Bay blankets covering the "floor," and the display would be bathed in soft, flickering firelight, thrown from a source hidden from view.

moccasin case diorama in First Nations Gallerymoccasin case diorama in First Nations Gallerymoccasin case diorama in First Nations Gallery

sketch diagram of fire invention

So how do you make firelight without a real fire? There are expensive high-tech solutions using discotheque equipment, but these are expensive to fix when they break down. Exhibits staff decided to work with materials on hand--tin cans and pop bottles, a car fan, a fluorescent light, coloured theatre gels, and a little paint! After some experimentation, they came up with a much sturdier and simpler contraption that projects surprisingly authentic firelight. Here's the secret behind the invention.

Since the light source had to be something that wasn't a fire hazard, a small, low-heat fluorescent bulb was used, covered by a yellow theatre gel (a sheet of coloured plastic). The gel cuts out UV light that can damage both the hides and the sensitive dyes in the quillwork. Next, the tops and bottoms were cut off both a large and a small clear pop bottle, to create two plastic cylinders that fit easily inside one another. Using acrylic paints, orange and black stripes were painted diagonally on the larger cylinder, and red and black ones on the smaller cylinder.

sketch diagram showing spin in opposite directions

The next step was to get these two cylinders spinning in opposite directions over the light source, thereby projecting an irregular pattern of red and orange light. This is where the tin cans came in. The cans had to match the diameters of the plastic cylinders, so that when the top quarter of the cans were cut off, they could be glued onto each cylinder like a lid. Before they were attached, L-shaped vent slits were cut around each lid and bent up, making it look something like a pinwheel. The vents in the larger cylinder opened in one direction while vents on the smaller one opened in the other, causing the cylinders to twirl in opposite directions when air passed through them.

Once the metal "pinwheels" were glued in place, the painted plastic cylinders were suspended, one inside the other, over the light. Each cylinder was balanced on the tip of an upside-down screw that was attached to a metal arm bent like a lampshade holder around the light. Each screw tip passed through a tiny hole drilled in the centre of the tin-can lid and rested on a microscope slide glued directly behind the hole. The hole kept the cylinder from sliding around on the screw as it spun, and the glass slide allowed the cylinder to turn easily on the screw tip with very little resistance.

Finally, a squirrel fan salvaged from a car was attached to the bottom of the gadget, providing the air stream that set the cylinders in motion. It took some fiddling to get the balance perfect, but once it was set, this amazing firelight contraption has stayed in perpetual motion since 1993 with no breakdowns, and will continue to do so until the parts wear out. When that happens, RSM staff will just have to dig through the recycling bin for the raw materials to fix it!

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